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''In Lebor Ogaim'' ("The Book of Ogams"), also known as the Ogam Tract, is an Old Irish treatise on the ogham alphabet. It is preserved in R.I.A. MS 23 P 12 308–314 (AD 1390), T.C.D. H.3.18, 26.1–35.28 (AD 1511) and National Library of Ireland MS G53 1–22 (17th century), and fragments in British Library Add. 4783. It does not bear a title in the manuscripts, but it is mentioned in the ''Auraicept na n-Éces'' (2813f.) as ''amal isber in leapar ogaim'', whence the commonly used title. The Ogham Tract is independent of the Auraicept, and is our main source for the Bríatharogaim. The Ogam Tract also gives a variety of some 100 "scales" of variant or secret modes of writing ogham (92 in the Book of Ballymote), for example the "shield ogham" (''ogam airenach'', nr. 73). Even the Younger Futhark are introduced as "Viking ogham" (nrs. 91, 92). Some of these are word lists based on the alphabet, and some seem to involve a numerical system of tallying. Most however, are simply variations on ways of writing the alphabet. They are examined for their significance by Macalister (1937) and by McManus (§7.11, 1991). The training of the Gaelic poet or ''file'' involved learning one hundred and fifty varieties of ogham – fifty in each of the first three years of study, and it is clear that most of these are the varieties given in The Ogam Tract (McManus § 7.13, 1991). Macalister sees them as evidence of ogham's cryptic nature, and as serious examples of how the alphabet was used for secret communication. According to McManus, however, the practical benefits of the alphabets are not so clear. The word lists at least may have provided access to an extensive vocabulary classified in a convenient manner, but these are only a small number of the total, and he regards the rest as nothing more than the result of the fascination of the Medieval mind with cryptic alphabets. However, some of the varieties indicate a possible use as property or business records and tallies, and it may be that the many cryptic varieties were deemed worthy of study in themselves as a means of training the mind in the use of words and concepts. ==Word lists== A number of word lists, where each letter has an accompanying word, are included in the tract. Macalister regarded these as being used for talking in code, while McManus saw them as simply being a useful way of making lists for classification purposes. The following are some examples: Enogam/Bird-ogam : ''besan'' ‘pheasant’, ''lachu'' ‘duck’, ''faelinn'' ‘gull’, ''seg'' ‘hawk’, ''naescu'' ‘snipe’, ''hadaig'' ‘night raven’?, ''droen'' ‘wren’, ''truith'' ‘starling’, ''querc'' ‘hen’, ''mintan'', ‘titmouse’, ''géis'' ‘swan’, ''ngéigh'' ‘goose’, ''stmólach'' ‘thrush’, ''rócnat'' ‘small rook’, ''aidhircleog'' ‘lapwing’, ''odoroscrach'' ‘scrat’?, ''uiseog'' ‘lark’, ''ela'' ‘swan’, ''illait'' ‘eaglet’”. Dathogam/Colour-ogam: ''bán'' 'white', ''liath'' 'grey', ''flann'' 'red', ''sodath'' 'fine-coloured', ''necht'' 'clear', ''huath'' 'terrible', ''dub'' 'black', ''temen'' 'dark grey', ''cron'' 'brown', ''quiar'' 'mouse-coloured', ''mbracht'' 'variegated', ''gorm'' 'blue', ''nglas'' 'green', ''sorcha'' 'bright', ''ruadh'' 'red', ''alad'' 'piebald', ''odhar'' 'dun', ''usgdha'' 'resinous', ''erc'' 'red', ''irfind'' 'very white'. Ogam tirda/Agricultural ogam: ''biail'' 'axe', ''loman'' 'rope', ''fidba'' hedge-bill', ''srathar'' 'pack-saddle', ''nasc'' 'ring', ''huartan'' ? ''dabach'' 'cask', ''tal'' 'adze', ''carr'' 'waggon', ''cual'' 'faggot', ''machad'' ?, ''gat'' 'with', ''ngend'' 'wedge', ''sust'' 'flail', ''rusc'' 'basket', ''arathar'' 'plough', ''ord'' 'hammer', ''usca'' 'heather-brush', ''epit'' 'billhook', ''indeoin'' 'anvil'. Ogam Uisceach/Water Ogam: "Rivulet for group B, to wit one rivulet for B, five for N; Weir for group H, one weir, two, three, four, five weirs (for B,L,F,S,N); River for group M, one river, two, three, four, five rivers (H,D,T,C,Q); Well for group A, one well, two, three, four, five well (for A,O,U,E,I). This list seems to involve counting or tallying and so may have been used in some way as a record of property. Conogam/Dog Ogham: “Watch-dog for group B, one watch-dog, two, three, four, five watch-dogs ( for B,L,F,S,N) ;Greyhound for group H, one greyhound, two, three, four, five greyhounds (for H,D,T,C,Q); Herd’s dog for group M, one herd’s dog, two, three etc.; Lapdog for group A, one lapdog, two, etc.” This list also has a numerical element. Bo-ogam/Cow Ogham: “Milch cow for group B, one milch cow, two, three, etc; Stripper for group H, one stripper, two, etc.; Three-year-old heifer for group M; Yearling heifer for group A.” This list also seems to involve the tally system and so have been used as a record of cattle ownership. (A "stripper" is a cow at the end of her lactation, giving little milk.) Danogam/Art-ogam: ''bethumnacht'' ‘livelihood’, ''luamnacht'' ‘pilotage’, ''filideacht'' ‘poetry’, ''sairsi'' ‘handicraft’, ''notaireacht'' ‘notary work’, ''H-airchetul'' ‘trisyllabic poetry’, ''druidheacht'' ‘wizardry’, ''tornoracht'' ‘turning’, ''cruitireacht'' ‘harping’, ''quislenacht'' ‘fluting’, ''milaideacht'' ‘soldiering’, ''gaibneacht'' ‘smithwork’, ''ngibae'' ‘modelling’, ''sreghuindeacht'' ‘deer-stalking’, ''ronnaireacht'' ‘dispensing’, ''airigeacht'' ‘sovereignty’, ''ogmoracht'' ‘harvesting’, ''umaideacht'' ‘brasswork’, ''enaireacht'' ‘fowling’, ''iascaireacht no ibroracht'' ‘fishing or yew-wood work’. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「In Lebor Ogaim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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